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SleepTools

Data sources

Every paper SleepTools cites.

A flat index of the peer-reviewed papers, clinical guidelines, and consensus statements behind every SleepTools calculator. For the formulas themselves, see the methodology page.

35 sources

  • American Academy of Pediatrics: pediatric sleep guidance

    Used by: How Much Sleep

  • American Academy of Pediatrics: recommended infant and toddler sleep durations

    Used by: Baby Sleep

  • American Academy of Pediatrics: school start times policy statement

    Used by: Teen Sleep

  • American Academy of Sleep Medicine: adolescent sleep duration position statement

    Used by: Teen Sleep

  • American Academy of Sleep Medicine: circadian rhythm sleep–wake disorder guidelines

    Used by: Schedule Fixer

  • American Academy of Sleep Medicine: clinical practice guidelines for shift work disorder

    Used by: Shift Work

  • Banks & Dinges, 2007: Behavioral and physiological consequences of sleep restriction

    Used by: Sleep Debt

  • Belenky et al., 2003: Patterns of performance degradation during sleep restriction

    Used by: Deprivation Cost

  • Breus, 2016: The Power of When (chronotype classification)

    Used by: Chronotype

  • Brzezinski et al., 2005: Effects of exogenous melatonin on sleep: meta-analysis

    Used by: Melatonin Timing

  • Burgess & Emens, 2016: Drugs used in circadian sleep–wake rhythm disturbances

    Used by: Melatonin Timing

  • Buysse et al., 1989: The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)

    Used by: Quality Score

  • Carskadon et al.: adolescent circadian phase delay research

    Used by: Teen Sleep

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: sleep duration by age

    Used by: How Much Sleep

  • Drake et al., 2013: Caffeine effects on sleep taken 0, 3, or 6 h before going to bed

    Used by: Caffeine Cutoff

  • Eastman & Burgess, 2009: How to travel the world without jet lag

    Used by: Shift Work, Jet Lag, Schedule Fixer

  • Ebrahim et al., 2013: Alcohol and sleep I: effects on normal sleep (meta-analysis)

    Used by: Alcohol and Sleep

  • Hafner et al., 2017 (RAND): Why sleep matters: the economic costs of insufficient sleep

    Used by: Deprivation Cost

  • Hirshkowitz et al. (NSF), 2015: National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations

    Used by: How Much Sleep

  • Hirshkowitz et al. (NSF), 2015: sleep duration recommendations

    Used by: Baby Sleep

  • Horne & Östberg, 1976: A self-assessment questionnaire to determine morningness-eveningness

    Used by: Chronotype

  • Huckleberry: published age-based wake-window data

    Used by: Baby Sleep

  • Institoris et al.: CYP1A2 metabolizer phenotypes

    Used by: Caffeine Cutoff

  • Kleitman & Dement, 1957: REM cycle polysomnography

    Used by: Sleep Cycle, Bedtime, Wake-Up Time

  • Kleitman & Dement, 1957: sleep cycle structure

    Used by: Nap

  • Lewy et al., 2006: The dim-light melatonin onset (DLMO) as a marker of circadian phase

    Used by: Melatonin Timing

  • Lovato & Lack, 2010: sleep inertia and nap length

    Used by: Nap

  • NASA-Ames, 1995: Flight Crew Nap Study (Rosekind et al.)

    Used by: Nap

  • National Sleep Foundation, 2015: age-based sleep duration consensus

    Used by: Bedtime

  • National Sleep Foundation, 2015: sleep duration recommendations

    Used by: Sleep Debt

  • National Sleep Foundation: sleep-onset latency norms

    Used by: Sleep Cycle

  • Rupp, Wesensten & Balkin, 2009: Banking sleep: realization of benefits during subsequent sleep restriction and recovery

    Used by: Sleep Banking

  • Sack, 2010: Jet lag (NEJM clinical review)

    Used by: Jet Lag

  • Tassi & Muzet, 2000: sleep inertia review

    Used by: Wake-Up Time

  • Widmark, 1932: formula for blood alcohol concentration estimation

    Used by: Alcohol and Sleep

These tools are for informational purposes only and are not a substitute for medical advice. For sleep disorders or persistent sleep difficulties, consult a healthcare provider.